Genealogy Research: U.S. Census History & Facts
Beginning in 1790, the United States of America became the first country in the world to call for regularly held censuses. However, the Constitution didn’t treat everyone as equal. “Free persons” excluded American Indians living on treaty land and who were exempt from paying taxes (or voting). However, any male Indian who had joined the voting and taxpaying (read: white) population became considered a “free person” and had the right to vote. “All other persons” meant slaves, who were counted as 3/5 of a person for determining representation in Congress. The 3/5 rule was to compensate for the large slave populations of southern states such as Virginia and South Carolina, where slaves represented 39 and 43 percent of
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